Grid System ​

Overview ​

Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol> Column </BCol>
    <BCol> Column </BCol>
    <BCol> Column </BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

The above example creates three equal-width columns across all devices and viewports using our predefined grid classes. Those columns are centered in the page with the parent <BContainer>.

How it works ​

Breaking it down, here's how it works:

• Containers provide a means to center and horizontally pad your site's contents. Use <BContainer> for a responsive pixel width, <BContainer fluid> for width: 100% across all viewport and device sizes or set fluid to a Breakpoint value for a responsive container (e.g. <BContainer fluid='md').
• Rows are wrappers for columns. Each column has horizontal padding (called a gutter) for controlling the space between them. This padding is then counteracted on the rows with negative margins. This way, all the content in your columns is visually aligned down the left side.
• In a grid layout, content must be placed within columns and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
• Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of <BCol sm="auto"> will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints.
• Column prop cols indicates the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row regardless of breakpoint (starting at breakpoint xs). So, if you want three equal-width columns at any breakpoint, you can use <BCol cols="4">.
• Column props sm, md, lg, xl, xxl indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row, at the various breakpoints. So, if you want three equal-width columns at breakpoint sm, you can use <BCol sm="4">. the special value auto can be used to take up the remaining available column space in a row.
• Column widths are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.
• Columns have horizontal padding to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the margin from <BRow> and padding from <BCol> by setting the no-gutters prop on <BRow>.
• To make the grid responsive, there are six grid breakpoints, one for each responsive breakpoint: all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, extra large, and xxl.
• Grid breakpoints are based on minimum width media queries, meaning they apply to that one breakpoint and all those above it (e.g., <BCol sm="4"> applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices, but not the first xs breakpoint).
• You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. See the Bootstrap 5 docs for details

Be aware of the limitations and bugs around flexbox, like the inability to use some HTML elements as flex containers.

Containers ​

<BContainer> is the most basic layout element in Bootstrap. Choose from a responsive, fixed-width container (meaning its max-width changes at each breakpoint) by default, fluid-width (meaning it's 100% wide all the time) by setting 'fluid' prop, or responsive containers where the container is fluid up until a specific breakpoint.

While containers can be nested, most layouts do not require a nested container.

The default breakpoint widths can be configured using Bootstrap V5.x SCSS variables. See the Grid options section below.

Default container ​

The default <BContainer> is a responsive, fixed-width container, meaning its max-width changes at each viewport width breakpoint.

<BContainer>
  <!-- Content here -->
</BContainer>

Fluid width container ​

Using the fluid prop on <BContainer> will render a container that is always 100% width, regardless of viewport breakpoint.

<BContainer fluid>
  <!-- Content here -->
</BContainer>

Setting the fluid prop to true (or an empty string) is equivalent to the Bootstrap .container-fluid class.

Responsive fluid containers ​

Responsive containers allow you to specify a container that is 100% wide (fluid) until particular breakpoint is reached at which point a max-width is applied. For example, setting prop fluid to 'md' will render a container that is 100% wide to start until the 'md' breakpoint is reached, at which point it will become a standard non-fluid container.

<BContainer fluid="sm"> 100% wide until small breakpoint </BContainer>
<BContainer fluid="md"> 100% wide until medium breakpoint </BContainer>
<BContainer fluid="lg"> 100% wide until large breakpoint </BContainer>
<BContainer fluid="xl"> 100% wide until extra large breakpoint </BContainer>

Setting the fluid prop to a breakpoint name translates to the Bootstrap class .container-{breakpoint}.

Refer to the Grid options section table below for the default container width values.

Rows ​

Rows are wrappers for columns. Each column has horizontal padding (called a gutter) for controlling the space between them. This padding is then counteracted on the rows with negative margins. This way, all the content in your columns is visually aligned down the left side.

You can remove the margin from <BRow> and padding from <BCol> by setting the no-gutters prop on <BRow>.

Columns ​

<BCol> Must be placed inside a <BRow> component, or an element (such as a <div>) that has the class row applied to it.

Grid options ​

While Bootstrap uses em or rem units for defining most sizes, pxs are used for grid breakpoints and container widths. This is because the viewport width is in pixels and does not change with the font size.

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

Notes:

• There is no xs prop. The cols prop refers to the xs (smallest) breakpoint.
• The above breakpoint values are Bootstrap defaults. They can be customized via SCSS variables.

Container sizes ​

The following table outlines the default container maximum widths at the various breakpoints. These may vary if you are using custom themed Bootstrap v4 SCSS/CSS.

Refer to the Containers section section above for additional information

Auto-layout columns ​

Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for easy column sizing without an explicit numbered prop like <BCol sm="6">.

Equal-width columns ​

For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from xs to xl. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol>1 of 2</BCol>
    <BCol>2 of 2</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol>1 of 3</BCol>
    <BCol>2 of 3</BCol>
    <BCol>3 of 3</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Equal-width multi-line ​

Create equal-width columns that span multiple lines by inserting a .w-100 where you want the columns to break to a new line. Make the breaks responsive by mixing .w-100 with some responsive display utilities.

There was a Safari flexbox bug that prevented this from working without an explicit flex-basis or border. There are workarounds for older browser versions, but they shouldn't be necessary if your target browsers don't fall into the buggy versions.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <div class="w-100" />
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Setting one column width ​

Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and have the sibling columns automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow class="text-center">
    <BCol>1 of 3</BCol>
    <BCol cols="8">2 of 3 (wider)</BCol>
    <BCol>3 of 3</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow class="text-center">
    <BCol>1 of 3</BCol>
    <BCol cols="5">2 of 3 (wider)</BCol>
    <BCol>3 of 3</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Variable width content ​

Use {breakpoint}="auto" props to size columns based on the natural width of their content.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow class="justify-content-md-center">
    <BCol col lg="2">1 of 3</BCol>
    <BCol cols="12" md="auto">Variable width content</BCol>
    <BCol col lg="2">3 of 3</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol>1 of 3</BCol>
    <BCol cols="12" md="auto">Variable width content</BCol>
    <BCol col lg="2">3 of 3</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Responsive classes ​

Bootstrap's grid includes six tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, extra large, or extra extra large devices however you see fit.

All breakpoints ​

For grids that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the col and cols="*" props. Specify a number of cols when you need a particularly sized column; otherwise, feel free to stick to col (which is applied automatically if no cols are specified).

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol>col</BCol>
    <BCol>col</BCol>
    <BCol>col</BCol>
    <BCol>col</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol cols="8">col-8</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">col-4</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Stacked to horizontal ​

Using a single set of sm="*" or sm (boolean for equal width @sm) props, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on extra small devices before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol sm="8">col-sm-8</BCol>
    <BCol sm="4">col-sm-4</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol sm>col-sm</BCol>
    <BCol sm>col-sm</BCol>
    <BCol sm>col-sm</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Mix and match ​

Don't want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of different props for each tier as needed. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
  <BRow>
    <BCol cols="12" md="8">cols="12" md="8"</BCol>
    <BCol cols="6" md="4">cols="6" md="4"</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop -->
  <BRow>
    <BCol cols="6" md="4">cols="6" md="4"</BCol>
    <BCol cols="6" md="4">cols="6" md="4"</BCol>
    <BCol cols="6" md="4">cols="6" md="4"</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
  <BRow>
    <BCol cols="6">cols="6"</BCol>
    <BCol cols="6">cols="6"</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Alignment ​

Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns.

Note: Internet Explorer 11 does not support vertical alignment of flex items when the flex container has a min-height as shown below. See Flexbugs #3 for more details.

Vertical alignment ​

For vertical alignment of all grid cells in a row, use the align-v prop on <BRow>. Possible values are 'start', 'center', 'end', 'fill, 'baseline', and 'stretch' from AlignmentVertical:

<BContainer class="bv-example-row bv-example-row-flex-cols">
  <BRow align-v="start">
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-v="center">
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-v="end">
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-v="fill">
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-v="baseline">
    <BCol style="font-size: 0.75rem">One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol style="font-size: 1.25rem">One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-v="stretch">
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol>One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

For individual grid cell vertical alignment, use the align-self prop on <BCol>. Possible values are the values AlignmentVertical and auto:

<BContainer class="bv-example-row bv-example-row-flex-cols">
  <BRow>
    <BCol align-self="start">One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol align-self="center">One of three columns</BCol>
    <BCol align-self="end">One of three columns</BCol>
  </BRow>
  <BRow>
    <BCol align-self="baseline">One of four columns</BCol>
    <BCol align-self="stretch">One of four columns</BCol>
    <BCol align-self="fill">One of four columns</BCol>
    <BCol align-self="auto">One of four columns</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Horizontal alignment ​

To horizontally align grid cells within a row, use the align-h prop on <BRow>. Possible values are: 'start', 'center', 'end', 'around', 'between' and 'evenly' from AlignmentJustifyContent:

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow align-h="start">
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-h="center">
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-h="end">
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-h="around">
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-h="between">
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow align-h="evenly">
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
    <BCol cols="4">One of two columns</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Reordering ​

Ordering columns ​

Use order-* props for controlling the visual order of your content. These props are responsive, so you can set the order by breakpoint (e.g., order="1" order-md="2"). Includes support for 1 through 5 across all six grid tiers. <BCol> defaults to an order value of 0.

<BContainer fluid class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow class="mb-3">
    <BCol>First in DOM, no order applied</BCol>
    <BCol order="5">Second in DOM, with a larger order</BCol>
    <BCol order="1">Third in DOM, with an order of 1</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow class="mb-3">
    <BCol order="5">First in DOM, with order of 65</BCol>
    <BCol order="1">Second in DOM, with an order of 1</BCol>
    <BCol>Third in DOM, no order applied</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Ordering is controlled by flexbox's CSS style order.

Offsetting columns ​

You can offset grid columns in two ways: our responsive offset-* props or the spacing utility classes. Grid offset-* props are sized to match columns while margins utility classes are more useful for quick layouts where the width of the offset is variable.

<BContainer fluid class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol md="4">md="4"</BCol>
    <BCol md="4" offset-md="4">md="4" offset-md="4"</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol md="3" offset-md="3">md="3" offset-md="3"</BCol>
    <BCol md="3" offset-md="3">md="3" offset-md="3"</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol md="6" offset-md="3">md="6" offset-md="3"</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets by setting the offset to 0 at a larger breakpoint:

<BContainer fluid class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol sm="5" md="6">sm="5" md="6"</BCol>
    <BCol sm="5" offset-sm="2" md="6" offset-md="0"
      >sm="5" offset-sm="2" md="6" offset-md="0"</BCol
    >
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol sm="6" md="5" lg="6">sm="6" md="5" lg="6"</BCol>
    <BCol sm="6" md="5" offset-md="2" lg="6" offset-lg="0"
      >sm="6" md="5" offset-md="2" col-lg="6" offset-lg="0"</BCol
    >
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Margin utilities on columns ​

You can use margin and spacing utility classes like .mr-auto to force sibling columns away from one another.

<BContainer fluid class="text-light text-center">
  <BRow class="mb-3">
    <BCol md="4" class="p-3 bg-info">md="4"</BCol>
    <BCol md="4" class="ms-auto p-3 bg-info">md="4" .ml-auto</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow class="mb-3">
    <BCol md="3" class="ms-md-auto p-3 bg-info">md="3" .ml-md-auto</BCol>
    <BCol md="3" class="ms-md-auto p-3 bg-info">md="3" .ml-md-auto</BCol>
  </BRow>

  <BRow>
    <BCol cols="auto" class="me-auto p-3 bg-info">cols="auto" .mr-auto</BCol>
    <BCol cols="auto" class="me-auto p-3 bg-info">cols="auto" .mr-auto</BCol>
    <BCol cols="auto" class="p-3 bg-info">cols="auto"</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Nesting grids ​

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new <BRow> and set of <BCol> components within an existing <BCol> component. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).

<BContainer fluid class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow>
    <BCol sm="9">
      Level 1: sm="9"
      <BRow>
        <BCol cols="8" sm="6">Level 2: cols="8" sm="6"</BCol>
        <BCol cols="4" sm="6">Level 2: cols="4" sm="6"</BCol>
      </BRow>
    </BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Row columns ​

Requires Bootstrap v4.4+ CSS

Use the responsive cols-* props in <BRow> to quickly set the number of columns that best render your content and layout. Whereas normal column widths are apply to the individual <BCol> columns (e.g., <BCol md="4">), the row columns col-* props are set on the parent <BRow> as a shortcut.

Use these row columns to quickly create basic grid layouts or to control your card layouts. The default maximum number of row columns in Bootstrap v4.4 is 6 (unlike the regular columns which have a default maximum of 12 columns)

The value specified in the <BRow> prop(s) is the number of columns to create per row (whereas the props on <BCol> refer to the number of columns to occupy).

<BContainer class="bv-example-row mb-3">
  <BRow cols="2">
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

<BContainer class="bv-example-row mb-3">
  <BRow cols="3">
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

<BContainer class="bv-example-row mb-3">
  <BRow cols="4">
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow cols="4">
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol cols="6">Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

You can control the number of columns at each breakpoint level via the following <BRow> props:

• cols for xs and up screens
• cols-sm for sm and up screens
• cols-md for md and up screens
• cols-lg for lg and up screens
• cols-xl for xl and up screens
• cols-xxl for xxl and up screens

<BContainer class="bv-example-row">
  <BRow cols="1" cols-sm="2" cols-md="4" cols-lg="6">
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
    <BCol>Column</BCol>
  </BRow>
</BContainer>

Utilities for layout ​

For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.

Changing display ​

Use Bootstrap's display utilities for responsively toggling common values of the display property. Mix it with the grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.

Flexbox options ​

Bootstrap 5 is built with flexbox, but not every element’s display has been changed to display: flex as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of the components are built with flexbox enabled.

Should you need to add display: flex to an element, do so with .d-flex or one of the responsive variants (e.g., .d-sm-flex). You’ll need this class or display value to allow the use of the extra flexbox utilities for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.

Margin and padding ​

Use the margin and padding spacing utilities o control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 5 includes a six-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a 1rem value default SASS $spacer variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., .me-3 for margin-right: 1rem in LTR), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., .me-md-3 for margin-right: 1rem —in LTR— starting at the md breakpoint).

Toggle visibility ​

When toggling display isn’t needed, you can toggle the visibility of an element with the visibility utility classes. Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.